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Monday, 6 April 2020

95+ SERIES COMMERCE WITH UNNATI


CLASSIFICATION OF HUMAN ACTIVITIES-ECONOMIC AND NON-ECONOMIC
Meaning of human activity-Human activity mean all those activity which are undertaken to satisfy human wants.these activities continue throughout  life because wants are unending,unlimited and recurring.
The main characteristics of human activities are-
1.Human activities are those activities which are undertaken only by human beings.
2.Human activities involve human efforts.
those human activities which are undertaken to earn aliving and thereby satisfy human wants.The main object of this activity is to earn income and create wealth.Economic activity is concerned with the production,distribution and exchange of goods and services.These activities create utilities and result in the production of wealth.Economic activities are also called occupations.
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in
                                 money terms.                     Money terms.
5.Examples            Business,                        Religious, cultural etc.
                                Profession and
                                   Employment.

Basis                      Business              Profession           Employment
 of distinction
1.   Objective      To earn profits.   To render services     To earn
                                                      For economic gain.    Wages      
                                                                                              Or
                                                                                           Salary.
2.qualification      No                       Minimum     Qualification
                              Qualification         educational      required
                                  Required.               Required.   Depend
                                                                                        Upon the
                                                                                             Job.    
  Defination and concept of business
Business may be defined as an human activity directed towards producing or acquiring wealth through buying and selling of goods.
Characterstics of Business
1.       Creation of utilities – Business makes goods more useful to satisfy human w2ants.
2.        Dealings in goods and services – Every business enterprise produces and/or buy goods and services for selling them to others.
3.        Continuity in dealings – Dealings in goods and services becomes business only if undertaken on a regular basis.”A single isolated transaction of purchase and sale will not constitute a business.Therefore, regularity of dealings is an essential feature of business.
4.        Sale, Transfer or Exchange – All business activities involve transfer or exchange of goods and services for some consideration.The consideration called price is usually expressed in terms of money.Business delivers goods and services to those who need them and are able and willing to for them.
5.       Profit motive – The primary aim of business is to earn profits.Profits are essential for survival and growth of business.Profit must, however, be earned through legal and fair means.Business should never exploit society to make money.
6.       Element of risk – Profit is the reward for assuming risk.Risk are uncertain and uncontrollable.A businessmen can reduce risk through correct forecasting and insurance.
7.       Economic activity – Business is primarily an economic activity as it involves production and distribution of goods and services for earning money.
8.       Art as well as science – Business is art because it requires personal skills and experience.It is also a science because it is based on certain principles and laws.
 Necessity of business
1.       To remove poverty – The economic development of a country depends upon the growth of business.Industry, trade and other business activities generate wealth and add to national income.
2.       To generate income – The main motive of business is to generate income to satisfy human wants.This will also lead to high national income of a country.
3.       To improve standard of living – Another moive of business is to improve standard of living of a society.
4.       To earn foreign exchange – A country cannot produce everything needed to the people in the country.It has to buy or sell goods and services to the foreign countries for which foreign currency is required.Thus, business helps to earn foreign exchange.
5.       To promote social welfare – Business helps to promote social welfare and this is one of the another motive of a business.
Business as an economic activity
1.       The object of a business is to buy and sell goods and services for profits – The main objective of a business is to sell goods and services for profits.Profit is the main motive of a business because profit leads to the growth and extension business.
2.       Business activities involve use of scarce resources – Economic activity required use of scarce resources such as raw materials, labours, capital and other factors of production.
3.       Business activities satisfy needs of the public and of businessmen – Business activities satisfy the needs of the public by making available goods and services.Public can buy these goods and services and satisfy their needs.Business may be regarded as an economic activity both as a means of generating an income and also as a means  of satisfying the wants of society.
 Objectives of business
1.Economic objective
2.Social objective
3.Human objective
4.National objective
                                                               BUSINESS OBJECTIVES AT A GLANCE
Economic activity          Social activity           Human activity         National activity
1.Earning profit            1.Quality goods      1.Labour welfare.    1.Optimum utilisation
2.Creating customers    at fair prices.         2.Developing               of resources.
3.Innovations                2.Fair remuneration  human                  2.National self-reliance.
                                           To employers.           Resources.          3.Development of small
                                         3.Generating            3.Participative           business.
                                          Employment.             Management.       4.Development of backward areas.
                                          4.Fair return to       4.Labour                     5.Pollution control.
                                          Investors.                    Management
                                          5.Social welfare.            Cooperation.
                                        6.Payments of taxes.

Role of profits in business
1.       Incentive – Profit is the driving force behind every business.It inspires people to start an enterprise and to work hard for making it successful.Profit is the reward for the undertaking the risk of business.
2.       Survival - Profit is essential for the survival of business and it ensures the continuity of an enterprise.Profit helps business to face trade cycle and other shocks.
3.       Growth – Profit is the biggest sources of capital for expansion and growth of business.
4.       Measure of efficiency – Profit is considered to be the index of success in business.
5.       Prestige and recognition – A loss making business enjoys no goodwill.Profits provide economic power and status to businessmen.Moreover, only a profit making business can provide services to society.
                                                               

                            
      



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